 November 20, 2002
The ShakeMap was produced as the result of data from about 50 instrumental recordings across Alaska, with over two-thirds of the data recordings coming from Anchorage. A handful of recordings were available from Valdez, Fairbanks, Eagle River, and sites along the Parks Highway (stations noted by triangles in the map). Most recordings came from stations operated by the USGS and the University of Alaska's Earthquake Information Center the state of Alaska's earthquake monitoring system. In addition, the Alyeska Pipeline Service Company provided strong motion recordings from seven pump stations closest to the fault. Given the vast area covered and the relatively small number of recordings, this first prototype ShakeMap offers only a generalized picture of the intensity of ground shaking across the region. To improve ShakeMap coverage of Alaska's widely distributed tectonic features, additional regional seismic stations are needed to augment the state of Alaska's seismic network. Nevertheless, the tremendous power of the Nov. 3 earthquake is apparent. The USGS has been working collaboratively with UAF scientists and the Anchorage Geotechnical Advisory Commission to bring ShakeMap capabilities to the state of Alaska. Much of their combined effort has been in improving the quality and number of seismic recording instruments that that feed data into ShakeMap. In the Anchorage region, researchers from the UAF Geophysical Institute and collaborating institutions operate 22 modern strong motion sensors with funding from the Alaska Science and Technology Foundation. ShakeMaps for Alaska combine the UAF and the new ANSS strong ground motion recordings in the urban centers with regional recordings collected by the University of Alaska's Earthquake Information Center. This combination of data will allow ShakeMap to reflect accurately both local and regional variations in ground shaking. The result will be an important tool for emergency managers deciding where their immediate response should be focused. It will also aid in immediate impact assessment the next time the ground begins to shake in a particular area which in Alaska is only a matter of time. John Aho, chairman of the state's Geotechnical Advisory Commission, noted that the implementation of ShakeMap and the continuing partnership of USGS with the technical and research community of Alaska will have positive repercussions for Alaskans now and in the future. "ShakeMap truly enhances our efforts in seismic risk mitigation and response. This, along with our continuing efforts in improved seismic instrumentation, will be a program emulated by others," he said. The USGS first implemented ANSS ShakeMaps in the Los Angeles region; they were also recently implemented in San Francisco, Seattle, and Salt Lake City as well. In these areas the maps are available on the web generally within 5-10 minutes of the occurrence of any significant magnitude-3.5 or greater quake. The USGS, in cooperation with local partners, has plans to implement the Advanced National Seismic System network across the United States. As part of ANSS in Alaska, 14 new strong motion earthquake sensors were installed in the Anchorage region in 2001, and 11 additional stations in Anchorage, Juneau, Valdez, and Kodiak were installed in 2002. Ten additional stations will be installed in Fairbanks this fall by the UAF's Earthquake Information Center. With further enhancements to the seismic network and upgrades to the earthquake information centers, McNamara said that scientists will soon be able to generate ShakeMaps for the Anchorage area within a few minutes after a major Alaska earthquake. "Such a capability is vital in providing emergency managers with a quick picture of where the shaking was greatest and what the possible extent of the damage might be," McNamara said. Alaska is earthquake country, as those who survived the 1964 Good Friday earthquake can attest. That event, which at magnitude 9.2 was the second-largest earthquake ever recorded, shook the city of Anchorage for nearly 5 minutes and launched devastating tidal waves (tsunamis), impacting coastal communities across the Pacific. The Nov. 3, 2002, magnitude 7.9 earthquake ripped through the interior of the state, causing the ground to shake for up to 60 seconds and unleashing major landslides and areas of ground failure throughout central Alaska. The earthquake, located near the eastern end of Denali National Park, occurred along the Denali fault and triggered slip on the fault of as much as 28 feet.
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Alaska
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